“The Structure of Fish Meal and Feeding Strategies of Aquaculture”

Introduction: Today, depletion of natural stocks and overfishing have led to an increase in demand of aquaculture. Consequently the rapid development of aquaculture has made fish meal and feed strategies very important. The most important issue in fish feeding is providing the biological requirements of fish in an enough and economical way. In order for the fish feeding principles to be understood sufficiently, first of all the relationship between the fish meal and fish must be known. In a way fish meal are substances which are digested, absorbed and used after being consumed by fish. When their origins are examined, it is seen that some of them are vegetal and animal origin Feeding strategies are great importance together the content of fish meal in aquaculture. Factors affecting the feeding of fish can be divided into two as internal and external. Internal factors are fish’s genetics, age, species and biology and external factors are light intensity, season, water temperature, type and amount of nutrient and changes in water criteria. Material and Methods: Fish nutrients and formulations are determined on the basis of each individual energy requirement and especially energy / protein ratios. If nutrient is insufficient in protein-bound energy, a proportional amount of protein will be used as energy for the development of tissues. Becouse of minerals are’nt synthesized by the organism like vitamins, they should be given daily in small quantities. One of the biggest expenses of businesses in aquaculture is fish meal. There are three basic features related to meal that is very important for the sector; precise determination of nutrient requirement of fisheries to be produced, selection of quality fish meal source, making fish meal with suitable methods. Discussion and Conclusion: The intensively sustainable development of aquaculture based on controlled feeding of fish, depends on the use of cultivated species at the highest level and protection of water quality. The main fact in fish feeding is how, when, how much and what nutrients are given in different species and breeding. For control of nutritional balance, suitable feeding and successful production, it is necessary to know the availability of raw materials and necessary nutrients, tastiness, digestibility and suitable physical characteristics of fish meal. In aquaculture there are important subjects as the fish meal should be followed, feeding times should be considered, the fish meal should be distributed evenly, the feeding technique should’nt be changed suddenly, the water temperature and diseases should be taken in care